Study of heat transfer phenomenon during natural convection

The purpose of the present study was to numerically investigate the effects of the roughness elements on the heat transfer during natural convection. A computational algorithm was developed based on the Lattice Boltzmann method to conduct numerical study in two-dimensional rectangular cavities and Rayleigh-Bénard cell. A single relaxation time Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook model of Lattice Boltzmann method was used to solve the coupled momentum and energy equations in two-dimensional lattices. Computational model was validated against previous benchmark solutions, and a good agreement was found to exist. A Newtonian fluid of Prandtl (Pr) number 1.0 was considered for this numerical study. The range of Ra numbers was investigated from 103 to 106. The roughness was introduced in the form of sinusoidal elements on a hot, cold, and both the hot and cold walls of the cavities and Rayleigh-Bénard cell. The frequency or number of the roughness elements and the dimensionless amplitude (h/H) were varied from 2 to 10 and 0.015 to 0.15 respectively. Numerical results showed that thermal and hydrodynamic behaviors of the fluid were considerably affected in the presence of the roughness elements. A dimensionless amplitude of approximately 0.025 has no significant effects on the average heat transfer. In contrast, a dimensionless amplitude of ≥ 0.05 cause a degradation in the average heat transfer and delay in the onset of natural convection. The maximum reduction in the average heat transfer was calculated to be approximately 51 percent in the Rayleigh-Bénard convection when the roughness was present on both the hot and cold walls with a dimensionless amplitude of 0.15 and the number of roughness elements equal to 10 --Abstract, page iv

Effects of Inluin and Oligofructose Fortification on the Physico-Chemical, Sensory and Functional Properties of Clarfified Banana Juice

A comparative study conducted between Berangan and Mas banana cultivars at the same maturity index 6 (fully yellow-good eating stage) revealed that Berangan was more suitable for value added processing because of its lower soluble protein concentration, peroxidases and polyphenoloxidase activity. The two enzymes are responsible for developing browning in fruit tissues and also ultimately in the juice. Berangan has better sensory attributes in terms of taste, colour and over-all acceptability. Inulin and oligofructose are non-digestible oligosaccharides found in banana at 0.3-0.7%, respectively. These are considered too low to have any significant prebiotic effect for host health. Therefore clarified banana juice was prepared and fortified with inulin and oligofructose in order to increase its nutritional and functional properties. The fortification levels of inulin and oligofructose optimized at 2% and 10%, respectively yield banana juice with acceptable sensory and physical characteristics without effecting the original taste and flavour of banana. Storage study was conducted for 8 weeks at 4 0C, 25 0C and 35 0C to determine the storage stability of clarified banana juice fortified with inulin and oligofructose. The juice quality remained stable in terms of its physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics for 8 weeks at different storage temperatures except for turbidity, whose continuous increase during storage in all the samples was found a critical quality problem especially for samples stored at 35 0C. However juice samples stored at 4 0C had less turbidity problem and were rated highest and most acceptable for different sensory parameters. The results of the in vivo study revealed that administration of fortified banana juice significantly increase the growth of health promoting bacteria i.e. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, short chain fatty acids especially butyrate in the gut of the treated rats compared to rats fed distill water and with plain clarified banana juice. There was also an increase in mucosal thickness in cecum and proximal colon of rats fed with fortified juice, hence reduces the chances of many large bowel diseases. Rats of this same group also observed significant reduction in total cholesterol and LDL (Low density lipoprotein) concentration in the serum lipid thus contributing to hypochlesterolemic effect for patients with high serum cholesterol level

Paleogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Sulaiman range, Southern Indus basin, Pakistan

The Paleogene marine sequences are well exposed in several sections throughout the Sulaiman Range, Southern Indus Basin, Pakistan. In order to study lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic framework of these Paleogene successions, three representative land sections that exhibit excellent exposures and have undisturbed ...Thesis (Ph. D. in Science)--University of Tsukuba, (A), no. 2323, 2000.3.24Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-220)Titlepage,Abstract,Contents -- List of illustrations -- INTRODUCTION -- GEOLOGICAL AND TECTONIC SETTING OF THE SULAIMAN RANGE -- STRATIGRAPHY -- PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY -- PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL ZONATION -- CORRELATION AND AGE -- SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS -- PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL FAUNAL TURNOVERS DURING THE PALEOCEN-EOCENE TRANSITION -- PALEOCENE/EOCENE BOUNDARY TRANSITION -- PALEOENVIRONMENT -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PLATES 1ï½3

Day Dreaming of Highly Effective Dean: An Important Role towards the Success of Higher Educational Institutes (HEI)

A highly effective Dean plays a marvelous role in the success of creating Quality oriented culture as a Professional Leader, Strategic Thinker, Effective Manager of the Faculty, staff and Students and raises the standards of academic quality. After a detailed review of the prevailing literature about an Effective Dean, this article proposes a conceptual framework that will help out in promoting a healthy culture of effectiveness in the community of Deans. Issues like strategic planning, curriculum, facilities and research are also part of the responsibilities of Effective Deans. Daydreaming 'offers a positive,simultaneous effect on task performance. Through a wide-ranging attributes of Effective Dean, the probable model as mentioned in Figure No. 6.1, uncovers the Planning, Professional, Leadership, and Managerial,scholarly and effective teaching capabilities of Deans. Adopting continuous Improvement strategy, getting accreditation of the relevant Programs at national as well as international level are also the key attributes. The model, if implemented successfully can develop Effective Deans who can run their Schools effectively and the culture of Effective Schooling will ultimately lead towards the creation of a successful Higher Education Institute (HEI)

Constructing Reality: Framing of the Kashmir Conflict in Dictatorial and Democratic Regimes in the Pakistani English Press

This paper examines the framing of Kashmir conflict in the editorials of three PakistaniEnglish newspapers, The Nation, The News, and Dawn during dictatorial (Musharraf regime, 2005-2007) and the democratic regime (Zardari regime (2008-2010). It argues that in case of conflict press conforms to the government policies, change in governments also has an effect on how the press changes its coverage on the conflict according to the policies of the government. The study utilizes a content analysis method to examine the use of framing techniques in the newspapers. Findings supported that the Pakistani press indexed the ruling elite’s stance in both regimes. It was found that during the dictatorial regime, as Kashmir conflict was high on agenda, Pakistani English press gave more coverage to Kashmir conflict as compared to the democratic regime. The results also showed that during the dictatorial regime, the dialogue frame to resolve the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan was high, which was also in line with the policy of Musharraf’s autocratic regime. Surprisingly, the press coverage in both regimes regarding the self-determination right for Kashmiris in the light of UNO resolutions, Pakistan’s longstanding stance, was minimal. The implications of the results are discussed

Essays in empirical political economy

This thesis is composed of three chapters. In the first chapter, joint work with Federico Masera, we study how the capacity of the state in providing similar services influences the support for the non-state organizations. We do so in the context of Pakistan and study the competition between the Pakistani state and the Taliban in the provision of natural disaster relief. In the second chapter, I study the indirect impact of international terrorism on politics. In the third chapter, I study the political impacts of mass shootings in the United States.Chapter 1: The Charitable Terrorist: State Capacity and the Support for the Pakistani Taliban / Federico Masera and Hasin Yousaf.- Chapter 2 : Risk of International terrorism and Political Participation: Evidence from September 11 attacks / Hasin Yousaf.- Chapter 3 : Sticking to one’s guns: Mass Shootings and the Political Economy of Gun Control in the U.S. / Hasin YousafPrograma Oficial de Doctorado en EconomíaPresidente: James Snyder Jr.; Secretario: Manuel Bagues; Vocal: Jan Leonard Stuhle

Efficacy and the safety of endoscopic ultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic tumors : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is well-established therapy for the treatment of solid organ tumor. We aimed to determine the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound guided RFA (EUS-RFA) in management of pancreatic tumors

Growth and Ionic Composition of Buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus L.) in Response to Soil Salinity and Water Stress

Salinity and bad quality irrigation water is very common problem in Pakistan due to limited rainfall, more evapo-transpiration and high temperature. So, there is need to select salt and drought tolerant plants. In view of that a pot experiment was conducted to study the growth performance and ionic composition of Conocarpus erectus L. under saline and water stress conditions. Eight treatments (Control, 10 dSm-1, 20 dSm-1, 40 dSm-1,  water stress, 10 dSm-1 + water stress, 20 dSm-1 + water stress, 40 dSm-1 + water stress) were evaluated in order to assess their effect on plant growth and ionic composition . At T8 (40 dSm-1 + water stress), plants did not survive. The data regarding growth parameters and physiological were recorded at different stages of plant growth. Plant ionic parameters including Na+, K+ were determined in stem, leaves and root after harvesting. The data were analyzed statistically. It is concluded that Conocarpus erectus L. can tolerate salinity up to 40dSm-1 with full water but at salinity and water stress level of 40 dSm-1 + water stress, there was no survival of even a single plant. Keywords: Growth, potassium status, buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus L.), soil salinity, water stres

Distributed Algorithm for Parallel Edit Distance Computation

The edit distance is the measure that quantifies the difference between two strings. It is an important concept because it has its usage in many domains such as natural language processing, spell checking, genome matching, and pattern recognition. Edit distance is also known as Levenshtein distance. Sequentially, the edit distance is computed by using dynamic programming based strategy that may not provide results in reasonable time when input strings are large. In this work, a distributed algorithm is presented for parallel edit distance computation. The proposed algorithm is both time and space efficient. It is evaluated on a hybrid setup of distributed and shared memory systems. Results suggest that the proposed algorithm achieves significant performance gain over the existing parallel approach